Y Safle

A comment on another blog raised the question of whether environmentalism and international development are working at cross purposes. The argument is as follows:

In many ways Environmentalism and International Development are conflicting, if not totally incompatible agendas. Which is ironic, given that they tend to both be pushed by the same people, simultaneously.

1. Local food restricts developing countries’ access to world markets – thereby stunting their economic growth;

2. Organic and GM-free foods encourage biodiversity, but can’t possibly produce the yields needed to avert famines in the developing world;

3. So called ‘Fairtrade’ locks third world producers into inefficient, commodity-crop farming when they should be diversifying – thereby ensuring they will never earn more than just-above-poverty wages.

These agenda are both essentially bourgeois. It’s alright for us in the west because we are rich and developed enough to be able to make these food choices without risk, but to enforce them on the developing world is a death sentence – economically, developmentally, and (in many cases) physically.

Sadly, many on the left don’t actually want the third world to develop. They’d rather keep them in a mythical, agrarian ‘golden age’ and have this patronising view of people there as ‘noble savages’ – victims who need to be ‘saved’ from globalisation and the west.

They can’t accept the unpalatable truth that what people in the developing world REALLY want is to be go-getting, middle-class capitalists like the rest of us.

Dizzy Thinks Blog

Now there is much to say here, but I intend to ignore the issue of whether the writer really understands what “the left” wants. (My argument would be that the right/left division is, in any case, essentially bogus).

On the assumption that we can agree that people have concern for the environment and compassion for the poor, and what to see an improvement in the condition of both, how do we answer these claims?

On point 1, does local food production restrict access of developing countries to local markets?

Well on some level there might be some truth in this. If we buy strawberries in february, where do they come from? Are they flown in from Africa?

Clearly that is an environmental disaster. We should eat fruit in season, and not pander to a must-have culture that ramps up the food miles and energy cost of growing foods. But if we do so, then we inhibit the ability of the African farmer to sell his crop on the world market.

But we are not locking the farmer out of the market. Instead, if we live by environmentally sound principles, we ensure that there is no market for strawberries in february. What will teh farmer do? diversify into a crop that he *can* sell. That is just market forces at work.

As long as the African farmer is free to sell any crop into our markets without restriction, there is not a problem.

But there is a problem, because we *do* lock African countries out of our markets. We prevent the market from working for the benefit of these farmers.

The answer is not to eat more strawberries. The answer is to free up the markets.

2. Organic production encourages biodiversity, yes. But it is a fundamental misunderstanding of the organic movement to think that this is the root of the movement (although the misconception is a common one, helped on by many who market organic food).

Organic production is primarily about sustainability. E.F. Schumacher wrote a book “Small is Beautiful” which made the point that fossil fuels are energy *capital*. They are a limited resource, and so good economic principles insist that we only spend the resource in ensuring sustainability.

So the point of organic production is precisely to get to a point where efficient sustainable production of food can indeed meet our needs. It can be done, but will only happen if we move step by step towards the goal.

3. Fairtrade does not lock producers into a crop. It guarantees a fair wage for that crop. Now that may seem artifically high for the crop, because non fair trade coffee can be purchased by companies for a lower price, and it may be that some of those selling at the lower price would do better to diversify.

What will happen? Those who should diversify will. The price of coffee paid to the grower will thus edge up, as demand outstrips supply, and everyone will benefit, without fair trade affecting anyone.

Now if a fair trade grower could earn more by diversifying, then they will also diversify. Indeed, the fair price for their crop will ensure that they have access to more capital to allow for the diversification.

The very idea that paying consumers less than a fair price for their crop will somehow economically benefit them is preposterous.

So this commentator is wrong on all points. Environmentalism is not an enemy of international development.

Indeed, there are some benefits from environmentalism. For instance, the disadvantaged nations of the world will be disproportionately worst hit by the effects of climate change. Efforts to tackle this problem (caused by the richer nations) will aid the third world.

Be Sociable, Share!

•